Other herbicides that provide adequate control when applied at the proper timing are dicamba (Clarity, numerous others), metsulfuron-methyl (Escort XP), metsulfuron-methyl plus dicamba plus 2,4-D (Cimarron Max) and clopyralid plus 2,4-D (Curtail). In roadside ditches, pastures, and waste areas, herbicides containing triclopyr (Remedy Ultra, Garlon, numerous others) or triclopyr plus 2,4-D (Crossbow) are most effective in controlling poison hemlock. The closer to reproductive stages, the less effective the herbicide. Consumption and toxicity in animals usually occurs in poorly managed or overgrazed pastures where animals are forced to graze poison hemlock because of lack of desirable forage.Ĭontrol of poison hemlock with herbicides is most effective when applied to plants in the first year of growth or prior to bolting and flowering in the second year. Initial symptoms will occur within a few hours of ingestion.Ĭases of poisoning due to poison hemlock ingestion are rare as the plants emit a mousy odor that makes it undesirable and unpalatable to livestock and humans. Symptoms of toxicity include nervousness, trembling, and loss of coordination followed by depression, coma, and/or death. All parts of the plants contain the toxic alkaloids with levels being variable throughout the year. The plant’s alkaloids may also be absorbed through the skin, so if you find yourself hand pulling poison hemlock, it would be a good idea to wear gloves. Poison hemlock contains five alkaloids that are toxic to humans and livestock and can be lethal if ingested. ( Photo Credit: Purdue Plant and Pest Diagnostic Lab)
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